Everything about Syria Roman Province totally explained
Syria was a
Roman province, conquered in
64 BC by
Pompey. It remained under Roman, and subsequently Byzantine, rule for seven centuries, until
637 when it fell to the
Islamic conquests.
The Syrian army accounted for three legions of the
Roman army, defending the
Parthian border. In the
1st century, it was the Syrian army that enabled
Vespasian's coup. Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the
crisis of the third century.
From the later
2nd century, the
Roman senate included several notable Syrians, including
Claudius Pompeianus and
Avidius Cassius. In the
3rd century, Syrians even reached for imperial power, with the
Severan dynasty.
In 193, the province was divided into
Syria Coele and
Syria Phoenice.
In the
4th century, under
Theodosius I,
Syria Coele was further subdivided into
Syria,
Syria Salutaris, and
Syria Euphratensis), while
Syria Phoenice was divided into
Phoenice and
Phoenicia Libanesia.
The region remained an important province of the
Byzantine Empire well into the
6th century, although frequently plagued by
Sassanid incursions.
In
637,
Antioch was conquered by the
Rashidun Caliphate army.
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